A well-known example of the effect of spatial context is the attraction effect. Other available or unavailable alternatives in the current environment of the choice set are considered spatial context. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.Īll of our decisions, from simple ones like the size of the popcorn we choose to buy in the cinema to more complicated ones like choosing our life partner, are influenced by other available alternatives (as well as unavailable ones) in the environment. received funding from the United States-Israeli Bi-national Science Foundation (CNCRS = 2014612). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: All data is available from. Received: Accepted: OctoPublished: October 28, 2020Ĭopyright: © 2020 Izakson et al. PLoS ONE 15(10):Įditor: Tyler Davis, Texas Tech University, UNITED STATES Moreover, this suggests that the mechanism underlying the attraction effect is related to grouping by proximity with attention as a mediator.Ĭitation: Izakson L, Zeevi Y, Levy DJ (2020) Attraction to similar options: The Gestalt law of proximity is related to the attraction effect. These results demonstrate a within-subject relation between a perceptual phenomenon (proximity law) and a value-based bias ( attraction effect) which further strengthens the notion of common rules between perceptual and value-based processing. Comparing the behavioral sensitivity of each subject in both tasks, we found that the more susceptible a subject is to the proximity law, the more she displayed the attraction effect. We conducted one study followed by an additional pre-registered replication study, where subjects performed a Gestalt-psychophysical task and a decoy task. Then, we aim to use this link to better understand the mechanisms underlying the attraction effect. In this study, we examine a within-subject relation between the attraction effect, which is a well-known effect of context on preferential choice, and the Gestalt law of proximity. However, the mechanisms which allow context to influence our choice process as well as the extent of the similarity between the perceptual and preferential processes are still unclear. For instance, both perceptual and value-based choices are highly influenced by the context in which the choices are made. Previous studies have suggested that there are common mechanisms between perceptual and value-based processes. In the article Stereotypes and Prejudice in the Perception of the “Other” (Fedor, 2014), it is argued that otherness (that which is other than the concept being considered often it means a person other than oneself) can lead to problematic interpersonal communication that often becomes permanent and may result in the prevention of community collaboration and development. This research is important, considering the number of very high-profile cases in the last few decades in which young Blacks were killed by people who claimed to believe that the unarmed individuals were armed and/or represented some threat to their personal safety. Furthermore, White individuals’ decisions to shoot an armed target in a video game is made more quickly when the target is Black (Correll, Park, Judd, & Wittenbrink, 2002 Correll, Urland, & Ito, 2006). For instance, several studies have demonstrated that non-Black participants identify weapons faster and are more likely to identify non-weapons as weapons when the image of the weapon is paired with the image of a Black person (Payne, 2001 Payne, Shimizu, & Jacoby, 2005). Research suggests that implicit racial prejudice and stereotypes affect perception. Built from sensations, but influenced by our own experiences, biases, prejudices, and cultures, perceptions can be very different from person to person. In this chapter, you have learned that perception is a complex process. \)Īspects of Bias, Prejudice, and Cultural Factors
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